Characteristics and Application Status of High Performance Glass Fiber

After nearly 80 years of development, glass fiber has become one of the widely used and widely used inorganic fiber materials, with an unshakable position in reinforcement, insulation, anti-corrosion, thermal insulation, and other aspects. In recent years, with the rapid development of the glass fiber industry and the increasingly widespread application fields, various high-performance glass fibers have emerged, among which the research and development of high-strength and high modulus glass fibers, corrosion-resistant glass fibers, and low dielectric glass fibers are popular. They have become indispensable new materials in fields such as aerospace, new energy, vehicle lightweighting, high-frequency and high fidelity communication, micro high-speed electronic devices, chemical engineering, and pollution control due to their excellent characteristics.
Glass fiber originated in the 1930s and is an excellent inorganic non-metallic new material with advantages such as good insulation performance, high mechanical strength, strong heat resistance, and good corrosion resistance. It is widely used in automobiles, electronics, wind power generation, shipbuilding, aviation, construction, petroleum, chemical and other fields. After nearly 80 years of development, glass fiber has become a
One of the inorganic fiber materials with large usage and wide application, it has an unshakable position in reinforcement, insulation, anti-corrosion, thermal insulation, and other aspects. With the rapid development of the glass fiber industry, its application fields are becoming increasingly widespread, and people's requirements for the performance of glass fiber are also increasing. In order to meet market demand, various high-performance glass fibers are constantly emerging. However, there is currently no unified concept for high-performance glass fibers. It is common practice to refer to a type of glass fiber that has significantly better performance than ordinary glass fibers, such as high-strength glass fiber, high modulus glass fiber, high-strength high modulus glass fiber, low dielectric glass fiber, and corrosion-resistant glass fiber, as high-performance glass fibers. Among them, high-strength and high modulus fiberglass, corrosion-resistant fiberglass, and low dielectric fiberglass are currently the most popular high-performance fiberglass researched and developed,

In addition to sealing dry air between the two layers of glass, high-performance insulating glass also needs to be coated with a special metal film with good thermal performance on the side of the air layer in the middle of the outer glass, which can block the energy of solar ultraviolet rays entering the room. Its characteristics include good energy-saving effect, thermal insulation, and thermal insulation, improving the indoor environment. The appearance has eight colors and has excellent decorative art value.
High performance glass commonly used in architecture
In terms of optics: Low-E glass, thermal reflective glass, prism glass
In terms of strength: tempered glass, laminated glass, and laminated glass
In terms of heat conduction: insulating glass, vacuum glass, inert gas glass
In terms of appearance: colored laminated glass, colored glazed glass, corroded glass, carved glass
In terms of usability: polymer organic glass, fire-resistant glass, ultra white glass

One of the materials, it has an unshakable position in reinforcement, insulation, anti-corrosion, insulation, and other aspects. In recent years, with the rapid development of the glass fiber industry and the increasingly widespread application fields, various high-performance glass fibers have emerged, among which the research and development of high-strength and high modulus glass fibers, corrosion-resistant glass fibers, and low dielectric glass fibers have become popular.

They have become indispensable new materials in fields such as aerospace, new energy, vehicle lightweighting, high-frequency and high fidelity communication, micro high-speed electronic devices, chemical engineering, and pollution control due to their excellent characteristics.

Introduction: Glass fiber originated in the 1930s and is an excellent inorganic non-metallic material with advantages such as good insulation performance, high mechanical strength, strong heat resistance, and good corrosion resistance. It is widely used in automotive, electronics, wind power generation, shipbuilding, aviation, construction, petroleum, chemical and other fields. After nearly 80 years of development, glass fiber has become one of the most widely used and widely used inorganic fiber materials worldwide, with an unshakable position in reinforcement, insulation, anti-corrosion, insulation, and other aspects. With the rapid development of the glass fiber industry, the application fields are becoming increasingly widespread, and people's requirements for the performance of glass fiber are also increasing. In order to meet market demand, various high-performance glass fibers are constantly emerging. However, there is currently no unified concept for high-performance glass fibers. It is only customary to refer to a type of glass fiber that has significantly better performance than ordinary glass fibers, such as high-strength glass fiber, high modulus glass fiber, high-strength high modulus glass fiber, low dielectric glass fiber, and corrosion-resistant glass fiber, as high-performance glass fibers. Among them, high-strength and high modulus glass fiber, corrosion-resistant glass fiber, and low dielectric glass fiber are currently the most popular high-performance glass fibers for research and development.

One basket of high-strength and high modulus fiberglass belongs to a type of reinforced fiberglass and is a cutting-edge product in the field of fiberglass. Compared with ordinary alkali free glass fibers, high modulus and high strength glass fibers have excellent properties such as high tensile strength, high elastic modulus, good impact resistance, good chemical stability, good fatigue resistance, and high temperature resistance. They can be widely used in fields such as aerospace, aviation, weapons, ships, chemical industry, environmental protection, etc. that require more stringent performance requirements for composite materials, such as missile engine shells, aerospace aircraft linings, stock, launch gun barrels, bulletproof armor, high-pressure containers, large-sized fan blades, etc. With the development of technology, the demand for high-strength and high modulus glass fibers in industrial fields such as automobiles, rail transit, optical cables, temperature resistant materials, and friction materials is also constantly expanding.

With the progress of the times, the demand for high-strength and high modulus glass fiber in the civil composite material market is becoming increasingly urgent.

In 2006, OCV launched a product called HiPer tex high-performance alkali free glass fiber, which has an elastic modulus of about 85GPa. Compared with traditional E-glass fiber, it has a 30% increase in strength, a 17% increase in modulus, a 30% decrease in linear thermal expansion coefficient, a nearly 10 times increase in fatigue resistance, and significantly optimized impact resistance, heat resistance, and corrosion resistance.

HiPer tex glass fiber is a type of glass mainly composed of oxides of silicon, aluminum, calcium, and magnesium. Its chemical composition includes approximately 61% SiO2, 19% A1203, 9% CaO, and 10% MgO. The forming temperature is 1335C, the liquidus temperature is 1239C, and the softening point is about 923C. In addition, for the civilian market, AGY Company also launched a high-strength and high modulus glass fiber called S-1 Glass 711 in 2008. Its mechanical properties are slightly lower than S-2 glass, but it can achieve low-cost large-scale production, filling the cost performance gap between E glass fiber and S2 glass fiber.

In 2009, Chongqing International Composite Materials Co., Ltd. launched a high-strength and high modulus glass fiber called TM glass., It belongs to the Si02Al203 Ca0 Mg0 glass series, without B203, with a forming temperature of about 12701300C and a liquid line temperature of about 1190-1240C. It can be produced on a large scale in modern glass furnaces.

The strength of TM glass fiber impregnated yarn is about 2700MPa, which is about 22% higher than ordinary E-glass fiber, and the modulus is 15% higher. It also has significant advantages in heat resistance, fatigue resistance, and corrosion resistance.

In 2010, China Chemical Construction Jushi Group and Mount Taishan Glass Fiber Co., Ltd. also launched high strength and high modulus glass fibers named ViPro and GMG respectively. Their performance indicators are close to HiPer tex glass fibers.

Low dielectric glass fiber belongs to a type of electronic grade glass fiber. In recent years, due to technological progress in the IT industry and the rapid development of lightweight, short, and high-speed electronic products such as computers and mobile phones, it is estimated that the demand for glass fiber and products in the global electronics industry will continue to grow rapidly, with an annual growth rate reaching the leap development of the electronic information industry. Higher requirements have been put forward for glass fiber and electronic fabrics, copper clad panels (CCL), and printed circuit boards (PCBs). On the one hand, product performance has been improved, requiring high-frequency, high fidelity, and high confidentiality of signal transmission; On the other hand, there is an increase in product functionality, which requires copper-clad panels not only to serve as substrates, but also to serve as signal transmission lines, control the accuracy of characteristic impedance, and act as hidden passive components in multi-layer boards. The continuous high-frequency has pushed the low dielectric constant of PCBs (dielectric constant Dk is a key indicator affecting communication propagation speed, with smaller Dk leading to faster communication propagation speed and larger Dk leading to slower communication propagation speed) to its limit. The space for reducing Dk through improving resin and molding processes is already very limited, and there is an urgent need to reduce the dielectric constant of glass to meet new requirements.

The manufacturing technology of low dielectric constant electronic cloth is a high-tech that involves interdisciplinary interaction, mutual penetration, and mutual promotion. So far, the main units producing low dielectric glass fibers abroad are Vetrotex in France, Erskinegelous in the United States, Nippon Nippon Nippon Textile Co., Ltd., AGY in the United States, and a few others.

Early low dielectric constant glass fibers, also known as D glass, were mainly composed of about 73% SiO2, 22% B203, and 3% R20. D glass fibers had excellent dielectric properties, with a dielectric constant of about 4 at a frequency of 10 GHz 2. The dielectric loss coefficient is about 0.006, while under the same conditions, the dielectric constant of E-glass is about 6 8. The dielectric loss coefficient is about 0.007. However, the forming temperature of D glass is as high as 1400C or above, making it difficult to melt and form. The production difficulty is too high, and the cost is very high. Moreover, the drilling, heat resistance, and water resistance of CCL products are poor, making it difficult to widely promote and apply in PCBs. In 2009, AGY Company in the United States also launched a low loss glass fiber yarn L-Glass for printed circuit boards. It is said that the low dielectric constant and low loss factor of this L-glass fiber can be applied to circuit boards that require higher signal speed and signal integrity than E-glass fiber reinforced epoxy materials. L glass contains 52% 60% CaO, and the molding temperature does not exceed 1400C. At a frequency of 10GHz, the dielectric constant of L glass fiber is 4 8. The loss factor is 0.005. Moreover, the thermal expansion coefficient of L glass fiber is 3.9pPm/C (the thermal expansion coefficient of E glass fiber is 5.4ppm/C), which is closer to the expansion coefficient of silicon material, making L glass fiber an ideal material for 1C packaging substrates.

Although the demand for low dielectric glass fibers in the market is constantly expanding due to the rapid development of the electronic information industry, the technology of low dielectric glass fibers is not yet very mature. Various existing low dielectric glass fiber products have a contradiction between performance and cost (production difficulty) that is difficult to reconcile, and cannot meet the needs of large-scale market applications. There is still a lot of work to be done in reducing the dielectric constant of glass (at high frequencies) and reducing the difficulty of glass fiber molding in the future.

3. Corrosion resistant glass fibers. In a broad sense, glass fibers include C glass, AR glass, ECR glass, etc.

Among them, C glass belongs to medium alkali glass and contains about 8 5% alkali metal, characterized by better chemical resistance, especially acid resistance, than alkali free glass (E-glass), but with poor electrical performance and mechanical strength 10% -20% lower than alkali free glass fiber. It is generally used in low-end building materials and gradually replaced by alkali free glass.

AR glass, also known as alkali resistant glass fiber, can withstand long-term erosion by alkaline substances and is mainly developed to enhance cement. It belongs to the Si02-Zr02-R20 system, with a typical composition of 60 7% SiO, 21,. 5% of Zr02 and 17.8% of 120. Currently, AR glass fiber is mainly used in the cement industry, and the production is very small.

CORNING company was the first to develop it. ECR glass does not contain B203 and F2, while adding 2% -4% TiO2, 1.5% -4% MgO, and 1% -5.5% ZnO. Compared with ordinary E-glass fibers, the significant feature of ECR glass * is its excellent water and acid resistance, which is at least 10 times higher; The alkali resistance is also 23 times better than that of E-glass. At the same time, the heat resistance of ECR glass is significantly improved, with a softening point of about 880C890C, which is about 50C higher than that of E glass.

In addition, the electrical insulation and mechanical properties of ECR glass are better than those of ordinary E-glass fibers. However, at the same time, the difficulty of forming ECR glass fiber is also increasing, with an average increase of about 50C in its forming temperature and liquidus temperature. In addition, due to the high content of O2 in ECR glass, the color of the glass fiber is darker, which to some extent limits the application range of ECR glass fiber.

With the continuous expansion of the application scope of glass fiber, customers have increasingly high requirements for the comprehensive performance of glass fiber. In order to meet market demand, OWENSCORNNING, an American company, was the first to launch Advantex fiberglass in 1997. Advantex glass fiber is also alkali free glass, which is improved on the basis of ECR glass. It also does not contain B203, while removing ZnO from the ECR glass formula and reducing the TiO2 content to below 0.9%, while increasing the SiOPA1203 content appropriately. Through these adjustments and optimizations, Advantex glass fiber retains the advantages of ECR glass, which has low environmental pollution and strong corrosion resistance. At the same time, its mechanical and high-temperature properties are further improved, and the raw material cost is lower, resulting in lighter glass colors. Therefore, overall, Advantex glass fiber has better cost-effectiveness and can widely replace traditional E glass fiber and the vast majority of ECR glass fiber in market applications, especially in the fields of automotive silencers, wind turbine blades, compressed natural gas cylinders, high-pressure fiberglass pipelines, urban sewage pipelines, automotive components, etc. Its advantages are more obvious.

After entering the 21st century, China's fiberglass industry has developed rapidly, and major manufacturers have also launched similar high-strength, corrosion-resistant, and environmentally friendly fiberglass, such as ECT fiberglass launched by Chongqing International Composite and E6 fiberglass from Jushi Group, all of which have excellent performance and good cost-effectiveness similar to Advantex.

At present, several major glass fiber manufacturing enterprises are brewing to expand the production capacity of this new type of glass fiber. It is believed that as the market matures, they will gradually replace traditional E-glass.

After 2000, the glass fiber industry entered a golden period of development, with a rapid increase in production and market demand, and a continuous expansion in application areas. Meanwhile, due to the diversification of the market, various new high-performance glass fibers are constantly emerging. They are highly anticipated and welcomed by people due to their excellent characteristics. With the continuous maturity and improvement of technology, high-performance glass fiber will definitely become the mainstream in the market. After nearly a decade of development, China's fiberglass industry has become the world's largest fiberglass production base, with production equipment, process technology, industrial workers, cost control, and other aspects no less than the level of foreign countries. Therefore, we should actively seize the historical opportunity of upgrading and upgrading the current glass fiber industry, strengthen research and development in high-performance glass fibers, strive to seize more initiative, and build China into a glass fiber technology powerhouse.